Of course there is artificial gravity given there is an actual atmosphere on the inside. Otherwise the sphere would have to turn itself and only a small band along the equator would be habitable. But then why building a hollow sphere instead of a ringworld?
There's nothing like "short range gravity" though. The force of gravity always decrases with range according to Newton's law of universal gravitation.
Once you start discussing what is and is not possible it's a good idea to use the up to date stuff. General relativity models gravity as bent spacetime, which we use all the time for warp travel. "Short range gravity" involves a more complex bend than pushing 'down' using matter and allowing space to bend naturally, but is not necessarily impossible.
Edit: 'Trek artificial gravity inside ships requires a linear slope terminating at the hull, now that is rather complicated to achieve.
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Once you start discussing what is and is not possible it's a good idea to use the up to date stuff. General relativity models gravity as bent spacetime, which we use all the time for warp travel. "Short range gravity" involves a more complex bend than pushing 'down' using matter and allowing space to bend naturally, but is not necessarily impossible.
Edit: 'Trek artificial gravity inside ships requires a linear slope terminating at the hull, now that is rather complicated to achieve.