I have the exact same problem as the user in this thread:
http://forums.startrekonline.com/showthread.php?t=142199
The same error code and everything. I even checked the registry values in HKCU\Software\Cryptic\Star Trek Online and found nothing out of the ordinary, the install directory and the directory in the registry are both the same C:\Program Files\Cryptic Studios
I followed the same procedures in the other thread as well; force verify and delete the game history registry value.
I am running the German version of Windows 7, if this helps.
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I have just tried again and it has now started downloading a 2144mb patch