Asked this question on the Reddit, but I figured I'd post it here, for more foot traffic.
Well, now that the DMG changes have made my small collection of Phased Polaron weapons immediately more interesting... I hopped on the exchange and picked up a few more for
dirt cheap.

NOTE: I'm running cannons/turrets, and the Vaadwaur weapons are
[CrtD]x2 [Dmg], while the Phased Polaron is a mix of mainly
[CrtD] [Dmg] or
[Dmg]x2 (with one
[CrtD]x2 turret).
So, now, I'm at a crossroads... keep my Vaadwaur Polaron weapons, or switch to Phased Polaron?
Comments
As for Mods, it depends upon how high your crit hit and damage already are. If they are pretty high you will find [CRTD] to still be superior but the difference is considerably smaller and in most cases it looks like [DMG] will win out. It's just too soon to tell.
It's a toss between the two and all depends on your preference.
Vaadwaur has a proc which allows for more damage (reduces damage resistance 10% vs energy and 50% vs kinetic) while phased polaron has a chance to disable enemy subsystems.
Personally i really like http://sto.gamepedia.com/Dominion_Polaron_Beam_Array
This is for my Bug, so I'd totally run Dominion Polaron... but, the lack of complete weapon selection (no DHCs or Turrets) forced me to rule it out.
I'd kill for some in [CRTD]x2 myself.
You can use a full BA setup since that appears to be the new meta for all ship types.
However, i can appreciate a DC/turret build myself. While you cannot make it a full dominion polaron DC/turret build due to lack of DT turrets you need to ask yourself if that is important for you.
Polaron turrets, heck most turrets nowadays, are dirt cheap and you can toss any cheap turret at the back.
You also need to ask yourself, if you want dominion immersion then why do you use DHC/DC/turrets since dominion bugs have only been shown to use beams in the series.
Well, true, LOL... but, I use cannons because:
1. I like them.
2. I have them, and got them fairly cheap.
3. I have traits that boost cannon powers (Frontal Assault and Go For The Kill).
Now, I may make the move to Dominion Polaron beams one day... but for now, cannons.
If you can afford the dilithium I would get Protonic Polaron from T4 Dyson Reputation. On high Crit builds it is devastating, and pretty blue too like real Dominion weapons! You can pick both procs but it costs 19k dilithium per weapon. *cringes*
I'm testing it out on a SSIII build and it's absolutely devastating...
What?? lol. I have about 2/5 of my ships with polaron builds. Trust me , polaron works amazingly well. You are not going to notice too much damage output, but the drain capabilities will compensate that. Besides, polaron cycle is faster than any other energy type looolz (well this is just maybe a visual effect, but i like to think that way).
Now about polaron types, i dont like phased polaron or vadwauur polaron. They seem to perform far worst than just regular polaron. And vadwaur polaron visuals are like "meh.." (one of the things i love about polaron is the visuals, the vadwaur polaron is ugly as sin). But i tested em just for a few days, maybe im wrong.
Get the Forums Enhancement Extension!
Well, instead of being a "CAT 1" buff, it's now applied after ALL other buffs... and, apparently, it stacks without diminishing returns. It literally moved from worst mod, to arguably the best (outside of PEN) overnight.
Shout-out to THE SHOW... find them on YouTube (or at www.stocontinuum.com) to see their thoughts on it.